澳大利亚草原牧民对资源变化的应对.ppt

PASTORALISTS’ RESPONSES TO RESOURCE VARIATION IN AUSTRALIAN RANGELANDSAgistment networks澳大利亚草原牧民对资源变化的应对代牧网络 Ryan McAllister Research Scientist 22 March 2007 Mobility (3) Asynchronous spatial patterns异步空间模式 Fragmentation破碎化 Mobility (3) Systems of pastoral opportunism牧业的机会主义体系 “African” systems 非洲体系 Well studied 被很好的研究过 Generally long established 通常是已建立了很长时间 Generally based on common-property rights 通常是基于共有产权 Generally informal institutions 通常是非正式的制度 Current Australian system of agistment 澳大利亚现有的代牧体系 Not well studied 没有被深入的研究过 New, perhaps only 30yrs old 新建立的，可能只有30年的历史 Based on private-property rights 基于私有产权 Embedded within a formally institutionised system 包含在一种正式的制度体系之中 Semi-structured interviews半结构式访谈 (1) Reason for seeking agistment land? 寻找代牧土地的原因？ (2) Reason for offering agistment land? 提供代牧土地的原因？ (3) Distances involved 所走的距离 (4) Agreements 协议 (5) Disparity between regions 地区间的差别 Game theoryHow valued is trust? 博弈理论：？ (2) Experimental economicsAre ‘rural’ or ‘urban’ more altruistic? 实验经济学：‘农村’还是‘城市’更加利他？ (3) Modern portfolio theoryMobility critical because it’s different现代投资组合理论：关键的移动性，因为它是不同的 (4) Market failure frameworkMobility can be utilised more effectively市场失灵框架：移动性可以被更有效地利用 Agistment is widely used, there are failings: 代牧被广泛地利用，但也有失败的地方： the lack of a common marketplace 缺少共同市场 asymmetric information on the characteristics of the other party in an agreement, 协议中对另一方属性的不对称信息 and a lack of mutual expectations at the outset.从一开始就缺少相互预期 Thank You CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems Name Ryan McAllister Title Research Scientist Phone +61 7 3214 2359 Email ryan.mcallister@csiro.au Web www.csiro.au Social adaptation to ecological change www.csiro.au GRAZING IN AUSTRALIA 澳大利亚的放牧 降水缺乏：24个月 2001年12月1日到2003年11月30日 Jennie Lovell Time Resource Availability by Chris Stokes 资源可得性 时间 by Chris Stokes Stokes, Ash, McAllister 2004 Fragmentation of Australian rangelands, Australian Rangeland Society Conference, Alice Springs 5-8 July. Nomadism: Opportunis