长句的翻译PPT课件.pptVIP

Long Sentences 长句的翻译;Focus ;Foreword;Foreword;Foreword;1. 何谓长句 ?;汉语在表达复杂思想时，则多借助动词，按动作发生的顺序，或按逻辑顺序，逐层交代，层层铺开，给人以舒缓明快的感觉，因此，汉语的句子结构有如一根竹子，一节一节地连下去。 ;Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue polities, science, art, religion, etc.; that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case. ;Warm-up;这是一个多达126个单词的主从复合句。主句前是由“just as”引导的方式状语从句，主句后有一个名词短语“the simple fact”作“the law of development of human history”的同位语。后跟过去分词短语“hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology”作原因状语。“the simple fact”同时连接两个并列同位语从句（1）“that mankind must drink, have shelter and clothing”和（2）“that… form the foundation”。在第一个同位语从句中有由“before”引导的时间状语从句；在第二个同位语从句中有两个由“upon which”和“in the light of which”引导的定语从句修饰the foundation。在第二个定语从句之后又跟有一个介词短语“instead of vice versa”作状语,这个状语之后又接一个由“as”引导的定语从句。;翻译时，总体上还是用顺译法，部分根据汉语习惯和表达需要，打破原文的框架结构，用变序译法，重新组织语言方可获得理想译文: 正像达尔文发现有机界的规律一样，马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律，即历来被繁茂芜杂的意识形态所掩盖着的一个简单事实：人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿，然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等活动；所以，直接的物质生活资料的生产和一个民族或一个时代的一定的经济发展程度，便构成为基础，人们的国家制度，法律的概念，艺术以至宗教概念，就是从这个基础上发展起来的，因而，也必须由这个基础来解释，而不像过去那样做得正好相反。;Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.;Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her