中国古代四大发明中英文版课件.pptVIP

The Four Great Inventions of ancient China Papermaking Printing Gunpowder Compass 1、Papermaking When the paper appeared? What is to be made of? First paper appeared at Xian in the Western Han Dynasty, and it made by oakum .      In 1986, a tomb in Tianshui of Gansu Province unearthed a paper map. According to appraisal of some experts ，this piece of paper is a plant fiber paper. 最早的纸出现在西汉时期的西安，是用麻絮来制成的。 1986年，在甘肃省天水的一座古墓中 出土了一幅纸地图。经专家鉴定， 认为西汉时期的纸属于植物纤维纸。 Papermaking When it appeared that todays paper experience ? Who invented it? In  Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun summarized the experience, improved paper making, so this paper is also known as Marquis Cais paper. 如今的造纸经验在什么时候就出现了？由谁发明？ 东汉末年，蔡伦总结了造纸经验，改进了造纸法，所以这种纸又称为“蔡候纸”。 What raw materials used in Eastern Han Dynasty papermaking ? What is the process? Raw materials - bark, hemp head, rags, old fishing nets Process - Pulping, paper fishing, drying 东汉时造纸使用什么原料？有什么工序？ 原料——树皮、麻头、破布、旧鱼网 工序——制浆、捞纸、烘干 Papermaking papermaking propagation     4th century AD, introduced to the Korean, Vietnam.     7th century, introduced to Japan, the Arab region.     12th century, spread to Europe, Africa. 造纸术对外流传 公元4世纪，传入朝鲜、越南。 公元7世纪，传入日本、阿拉伯地区。 公元12世纪，传入欧洲、非洲。 2、Printing 3、Compass What inspired people to make the guide tools?      Long ago, people discovered that lodestone can absorb the iron (which is now what we call the magnet). As early as the Warring States period, Chinese ancestors have made Si nan by lodestone to indicate direction. This is the first guide tool. 人们是受到什么启发才制造了指南工具的？ 很早以前，人们发现了能吸铁的天然磁石（即现在我们所说的磁铁）。早在战国时期，中国先民已用天然磁石制成指示方向的司南。这就是最早的指南工具。 In the Three Kingdoms period, Ma Jun invented the guide car. Song dynasty scientist Shen Kuo describes a method of making use of the needle pointing in its Dream Pool Essays . Later, it developed into a needle and bearing plate into the compass. In the late Northern