[精品]影像压缩概论.ppt

MPEG4 影像壓縮概論 丁文初 2005/12/15 Outline Introduction Image video fundamentals Concept of MPEG4 compression Q A Digital video compression(1) Digital video for storage, broadcasting, data processing, low cost, VLSI implementation…… Uncompressed data: VCD: 3.62 MB/s = 218 MB/min (352x240) DVD: 14.5 MB/s = 870 MB/min (704x480) Compressed: VCD: 0.13 KB/s =7.8 MB/min DVD: 0.9 MB/s = 54 MB/min Digital video compression(2) Transmission bandwidth is limited 2G (GSM): 9.6kbps 2.5G (GPRS): 64kbps 3G (WCDMA, CDMA2000): 2Mbps ADSL: 1Mbps ~ 12Mbps (downstream) 64bps ~ 1Mbps (upstream) WLAN: 54Mbps Image fundamentals (color space) Y (Luma) Cb, Cr (Chroma) Pixel (畫素) Picture resolution (解析度) 800 x 600, 1024x768, 720x480…… VCD: 352x240, DVD:704x480 手機30萬畫素 ? 640x480 = 307,200 For example: R(8-bit), G(8-bit), B(8-bit) ? 1 pixel 352x240x3 = 253440 (bytes) Sampling (取樣) Sampling (取樣) 4:1:1 YCbCr (DV) Sampling (取樣) 4:2:0 YCbCr History MPEG (Moving Picture Expert Group) ITU (International Telecommunication Union) ISO (International Standards Organization) Basic video compressing flow Intra V.S. Inter Basic frame type General MPEG encoder architecture Abbreviation DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) Q (Quantization) IDCT (Inverse DCT), IQ (Inverse Q) ME (Motion Estimation) MC (Motion Compensation) VLC (Variable Length codes) Processing unit: block 1 block = 8 x 8 (pixel) 1 macro block (MB) = 16 x 16 (pixel) DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) Compaction: The significant coefficients are clustered around the DC coefficient. De-correlation: The insignificant coefficients are close to zero and can be discard without affecting image quality. DCT basis patterns DCT example (only take 6 of 64 coefficients to reconstruct) DCT coefficient Q (Quantization) Divide all DCT coefficients by integer (quantization table) Lossy compression Only few and significant coefficients are left Quantization example ? After Q DC/AC prediction Zig-zag scan Non-zero coefficients are grouped together. VL