神经系统解剖朱晞（改.ppt

THE NERVOUS  SYSTEM ;1. Organization of nervous system anatomically central nervous system: spinal cord 脊髓 brain 脑 peripheral nervous system: spinal nerves 脊神经 cranial nerves 脑神经 functionally Somatic nervous system 躯体神经 Visceral nervous system 内脏神经; 2. Structure of nervous tissues Astrocyte Neuroglia Oligodentrocyte, Microglia ;Neurons (nervous cells) cell body axon (convey impulses processes away from cell body) dendrites (convey impulses towards cell body) ;Synapses: axon terminal comes into contact with other neurons presynaptic membrane synaptic cleft postsynaptic membrane ;4.The reflex and Reflex arc Reflexes : are subconscious stimulus -response mechanism Structure of the reflex arc The receptor The afferent Neuron The interneuron The efferent Neuron The effector; 5. Terminology In central nervous system: Gray matter灰质: collection of cell bodies Cortex皮质: gray matter on surface of cerebrum and cerebellum Nucleus神经核: collection of cell bodies with the same shape, function White matter白质: collection of nerve fibers Medullary substance髓质: white matter in cerebrum and cerebellum; Fasciculus(nerve tract)纤维束: collection of nerve fibers with common pathway and function Reticiilar formation网状结构: fields of intermingled nerve fibers and cell bodies In peripheral nervous system: Ganglion神经节: collection of cell bodies with common shape and function Nerve神经: a bundle of nerve fibers covered