医学科技论文英文摘要的写作PPT.ppt

医学科技论文英文摘要的写作 Abstract Writing for Medical  Research Papers; This lecture does not intend to provide an all-inclusive instruction for abstract writing; rather, it serves as a guiding tour in the art of scientific writing, in which much remains to be explored by the audience themselves.;摘要的作用 (Why bother?);什么时候写摘要 （When）？;怎么写摘要 （How）？;英文摘要的结构: 结构式和非结构式;结构式摘要 经典的IMRAD架构，或称简明型结构式摘要： 包含目的（Objective/Aim）、方法（Methods）、结果（Results）、结论（Conclusion） 完全型结构式摘要，包含更多标题： 研究背景（Background） 目的（Objective/Aim） 试验设计（Design） 试验环境（Setting） 病例（Patients） 干预措施（Intervention） 主要观察指标（Main Outcome Measures） 结果（Results） 结论（Conclusion） 研究缺陷(Limitation）; 非结构式摘要示例 Psoriasis （银屑病）is a common immune-mediated disorder that affects the skin, nails and joints. To identify psoriasis susceptibility loci, we genotyped 438,670 SNPs in 1,409 psoriasis cases and 1,436 controls of European ancestry. We followed up 21 promising SNPs in 5,048 psoriasis cases and 5,041 controls. Our results provide strong support for the association of at least seven genetic loci and psoriasis (each with combined P 5 ×10-8). Nair RP, Duffin KC, Helms C, et al. Genome-wide scan reveals association of psoriasis with IL-23 and NF-kappaB pathways. Nat Genet, 2009, 41(2): 199-204.; Loci with confirmed association include HLA-C, three genes involved in IL-23 signaling (IL23A, IL23R, IL12B), two genes that act downstream of TNF-alpha and regulate NF-kappaB signaling (TNIP1, TNFAIP3) and two genes involved in the modulation of Th2 immune responses (IL4, IL13). Although the proteins encoded in these loci are known to interact biologically, we found no evidence for epistasis between associated SNPs. Our results expand the catalog of genetic loci implicated in psoriasis susceptibility and suggest priority targets for study in other auto-immune disorders. ;结构式摘要 BACKGROUND: Despite high annual rates of influenza in children, influenza vaccines are given to children infrequently. We measured the disease burden