复旦大学 2013现代生物学基础与前言i【课件全】9218363.ppt

Endocytosis and Exocytosis-Underlying principles of membrane trafficking Figure 13-3 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) An Overview of Membrane Trafficking Figure 13-2 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) Vesicle fission and fusion Figure 12-5 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) Topology, topology, topology… Cytosolic, Lumenal, extracellular… Figure 13-1 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) At the Plasma Membrane: Dynamic changes of PM shape Clathrin-coated vesicle budding No Curvature Low Curvature High Curvature C2=1/R2 C1=1/R1 R1 R2 Low Curvature High Curvature Biological Significance (McMahon Gallop, 2005) By convention, cell biologists define curvature in the following manner: Positive curvature is defined as curvature towards (into) the cytoplasm. Negative curvature is defined as curvature away from the cytoplasm. Membrane curvature 凹 and 凸 “The challenge is to understand the mechanisms by which flat membranes are transformed into cylindrical and spherical membranes, which possess large curvatures.” (Zimmerberg and Koslov 2006) “…membrane curvature is generated as a result of complex interplay between membrane proteins, lipids and physical forces that are applied to the membrane surface.” How is membrane curvature generated? Generation of membrane curvature (McMahon Gallop, 2005) Amphiphysin and BAR domain The BAR (Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain (Peter et al., 2004) Transformation of flat membrane into deep pits (membrane curvature change) Membrane-deforming proteins– contains conserved crescent-shaped BAR domain which binds lipids through its concave surface and deforms the membrane. McMahon et al., (2004) SCIENCE The BAR Domain The BAR Domains: Central Regulators of membrane remodeling in eukaryotes. Canonical BAR: has a concave surface that contains charged amino acids and induces invaginations. N-BAR: has a N-terminal amphipathic