美国文学史（英文版）.docxVIP

美国文学史（英文版）FranklinAmerican puritanism3. American RomanticismRomanticism was a complex artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution.Elements of Romanticism1. Frontier: vast expanse, freedom, no geographic limitations.2.?Optimism: greater than in Europe because of the presence of frontier.3.?Experimentation: in science, in institutions.4.?Mingling of races: immigrants in large numbers arrive to the US.5.??Growth of industrialization: polarization of north and south; north becomesindustrialized, south remains agriculturalRomantic Subject Matter1.?The quest for beauty: non-didactic, “pure beauty”2.?The use of the far-away and non-normal----antique and fanciful: a.?In historical perspective: antiquarianism; antiquing or artificially aging;interest in the past. b.?Characterization and mood: grotesque, Gothicism, sense of terror, fear; use of the odd and queer.3.?Escapism----from American problems4. Interest in external nature: for itself, for beauty a.?Nature as source for the knowledge of primitive. b.??Nature as refuge. c.??Nature as revelation of God to the individual.Romantic Attitude1.??Appeals to imagination; use of the “willing suspension of disbelief.”2.??Stress on emotion rather than reason; optimism, geniality.3.??Subjectivity: in form and meaning.Characteristics of Romanticism:Romanticism was a rebellion against the objectivity of rationalism. (subjectivity)For romantics, the feelings, intuitions and emotions were more important than reason and common sense.They emphasized individualism, placing the individual against the group, against authority.The affirmed the inner life of the self, and wanted to be free to develop and express his own inner thoughts.Typical literary forms of romanticism include ballad, lyric, sentimental comedy, problem novel, historical novel , gothic romance, metrical romance, sonnet. Represent