先心病 （13p）.pptVIP

CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Heart defects present from birth. Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)  effect a little less than 1% of all children may take the form of abnormal holes between the chambers of the heart incorrect connections between chambers and vessels valves which don’t open properly CHD causes are difficult to determine and usually different in each case Abnormalities of the chromosomes Infections in the mother, particularly early in pregnancy, such as rubella (German measles) All CHD’s have something to do with improper blood flow ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT (ASD)Eisenmenger’s syndrome  characterized by incomplete closure between the two upper chambers of the heart VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT (VSD) the hole is in the heart muscle forming a wall between the ventricles (the intraventricular septum) PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (PDA) Ductus arteriosus is a normal fetal structure, allowing blood to bypass circulation to the lungs When it doesn’t close, it is termed a Patent Ductus Arteriosus.  EBSTEINS ANOMALY the deformed tricuspid valve allows a large amount of blood to flow backwards from the right ventricle to right atrium when the right ventricle contracts COARCTATION OF THE AORTA narrowing of the aorta, typically found just after the vessels are given off to the left arm TRANSPOSTION OF THE GREAT VESSELS the pulmonary arteries are supplied by the left ventricle, and the aorta by the right ventricle TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS the origin of the great vessels (the aorta and pulmonary arteries) is abnormal; both arise from a common trunk. TETRALOGY OF FALLOT a cyanotic heart defect. It is a combination of 4 (tetra) abnormalities of the heart which were first described by a French physician, Dr. Etienne Fallot, in 1888. accounting for 10% of all congenital heart defects TETRALOGY OF FALLOT 1. There is a ventricular septal defect.2. There is narrowing of the valve leading to the pulmonary arteries (pulmonic stenosis) or (Infundibu