Coronary Artery Disease课件.ppt

Heart disease or cardiopathy is an umbrella term for a variety of different diseases affecting the heart Cardiovascular disease is any of a number of specific diseases that affect the heart itself and/or the blood vessel system, especially the veins and arteries leading to and from the heart. Types of cardiovascular disease  Atherosclerosis Ischaemic heart disease Heart failure Hypertensive heart disease Include:Left ventricular hypertrophy Coronary heart disease (Congestive) heart failure Hypertensive cardiomyopathy Cardiac arrhythmias ? Inflammatory heart disease Valvular heart disease Risk factors hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia), obesity, sedentary lifestyle, male gender, increasing age, drinking excessive amounts of alcohol, long-term stress, smoking and heredity high C-protein levels high homocysteine levels Signs and symptoms · chest pain or abdominal distress · cough · cyanosis · enlarged veins in the neck · fainting · loss of appetite · palpitations · shortness of breath · swelling in the legs · weakness and fatigue ? Diagnosis History Physical examination blood and urine tests · cardiac catheterization, a special X-ray done with a contrast agent to look at the heart and its blood supply · chest X-ray · echocardiogram, which uses sound waves to view the beating heart · electrocardiogram, or EKG, which shows the electrical activity of the heart · stress EKG tests, in which the person either walks on a treadmill or receives a medicine while the effects on the heart are examined with an EKG or imaging test CONCLUSION It is possible that the efficient transfer of low-cost preventive and therapeutic strategies may alter the natural course of the epidemiological transition in every part of the world and thus reduce the excess global burden of preventable CVD * Modified from Omran AR : The epidemiological transition. * EPIDEMIOLOGY and overview of cardiac DISEASE INT