北宋士风研讨.pdfVIP

摘 要 士风是士人身上表现出来的某种特有的行为风气，它涉及方方面面，内容 十分广泛，它是一种群体性的精神风尚。本文所研究的北宋主流士风包括：隐逸 之风、忠义之风、政争之风、奔竟之风、奢靡之风等士风类型，通过对上述士风 类型的综合考察，可以看出，北宋主流士风的转变有一个阶段性的特点，即：前 期士风受五代余波影响，隐逸、奔竟等消极的士风占主导地位，中期仁宗以后， 在范仲淹、欧阳修等人的倡导下，士风日趋高昂，并至熙宁前期达到顶峰，而后， 士风重又转入低迷，败坏。 北宋主流士风形成原因复杂，其中既有政治生态的作用，亦有经济力量的影 响，更兼有科举制度及儒学复兴等方面的影响，既有群体性因素的制约，亦有杰 出个人对士风的根本性影响。 通过与盛唐以及其后的明代士风对比后，我们可以看出北宋士风是中国古代 士风演变过程中的重要一环，它上承盛唐，下接明清，就宏观方面来看，它与盛 唐明清士风一脉相承，共同构筑了我国古代知识分子阶层的精神大厦。而若论及 微观，北宋士人身上又表现出了很多有别于它朝的独特特点。 总的来看，北宋主流士风无论是对当时的文学，还是世风，都有十分深远的 影响，对当时知识分子精神的塑造起到了带动作用，并直接引导了宋以后的士风 走向，可谓意义重大。 关键词：北宋 士大夫 士风 II Abstract Academic atmosphere is a specific behavior which only scholars have, which involves every aspect, and its contents is very broad ,it is a spirit of mass culture. The mainstream academic atmosphere in the Northern Song Dynasty this paper studied include: Seclusion , loyalty, political struggles ,fawn , luxury and other styles, by the comprehensive survey of all the academic atmosphere mentioned above , we can see that the changes of mainstream academic atmosphere in Northern Song Dynasty have some characteristics namely: because of the effect of Five Dynasties, the Seclusion, and fawn were in dominated position, in the medium of emperor RenZong, academic atmosphere becoming more expensive, and finally went to its peak point because of Fan Zhongyan, and Ouyang Xiu’s advocating ,but soon it went into doldrums, and ruined. The reason why the mainstream of academic atmosphere in the Northern Song Dynasty came into being were very complex, there were both political and economic forces, and even influences of a combination of civil service exam system and the revival of Co