医学综述论文-住院学龄期儿童的医疗恐惧及其影响因素.docVIP

医学综述论文:住院学龄期儿童的医疗恐惧及其影响因素 摘要　目的：调查我国住院学龄儿童的医疗恐惧状况及影响因素。方法：采用儿童医疗恐惧量表对101例住院学龄儿童进行了调查。结果：住院学龄儿童医疗恐惧总分为±，17项条目中得分最高的3项为离家、死亡和耽误功课；最低的3项为医生/护士检查喉咙、吃药和受到伤害时哭鼻子。总的医疗恐惧、医疗环境恐惧以及人际关系恐惧与年龄正相关（PSelected Factors Associated with Medical Fear among Hospitalized Chinese School-age Children Yan Jin Abstract　Objective: To describe the degree of medical fear among hospitalized Chinese school-age children, and to refine whether medical fear of hospitalized Chinese school-age children could be related to their age, sex, type of illness and distance from family. Methods: Using the Child Medical Fear Scale , a structured interview was conducted to collect data among the hospitalized children of the three hospitals affiliated to Hunan Medical University. Results: The overall mean score of medical fear is ± The three most feared items are being away from family, possibility of death, missing school for many days；The three least feared items are doctors/nurses looking down my throat, taking medications and cry when I get hurt. Age is positively related to the overall medical fear, environmental fear and interpersonal fear. Girls expressed more procedural fear than boys. Authors address　The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Medical University,Changsha,410078 Key words　Medical fear　School-age children　Nursing 　　医疗恐惧是对医疗经历及其相关事件的情感反应，是住院儿童常见的心理反应。［1-3］过多的医疗恐惧可降低患儿对医疗护理的依从性，影响他们对疾病和住院的适应，使之不能有效地应对住院所导致的压力。［4-6］此外， 医疗恐惧还可带来诸如加大心灵创伤，延迟正常生长发育等负面影响。［7，8］因此，研究儿童医疗恐惧及其影响因素，对了解我国儿童医疗恐惧的状况，进行有针对性地干预具有重要意义。作者对101 例住院学龄儿童的医疗恐惧状况作了调查，并对其与年龄、性别、居住地区（城市或农村）、病程（急性或慢性）等因素的关系进行了分析。 1　对象和方法 　研究对象 　　研究对象选自1997年11月至1998年1月在湖南医科大学附属第1、2、3医院的住院儿童。研究对象的年龄要求在6～12岁之间，本次住院时间2d以上，具有正常的认知能力和表达能力，慢性病患者病程须超过3个月，排除危重症病例。共入选101例，其中男56例，女45例；平均年龄为8±2岁；51例来自农村，50例来自城市；39例患有急性病，主要病种包括急性肾小球肾炎、支气管肺炎、心肌炎、骨折、烧伤等；52例被诊断为慢性病，主要病种包括先天性心脏病、恶性肿瘤、肾病综合征、糖尿病等。 　方法 　　研究量表：本研究采用的量表根据Broom ME（1995）研究发展的“儿童医疗恐惧量表”修订而成（量表由Broom ME本人提供）。该量表由医疗操作恐惧、医疗环境恐惧、人际关系恐惧、自我恐惧4个分量表组成，共17项。每项按3级评分，“不恐惧”计1分，“有些恐惧”计2分，“非常恐惧”计3分。量表的内部一致性信度系数为和专家效度为85%