翟中和 细胞生物学第四章细胞质膜ppt.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * A segment of a transmembrane polypeptide chain crossing the lipid bilayer as an a helix. Only the a-carbon backbone of the polypeptide chain is shown, with the hydrophobic amino acids in green and yellow. (J. Deisenhofer et al., Nature 318:618-624 and H. Michel et al., EMBO J. 5:1149-1158) * A typical single-pass transmembrane protein. Note that the polypeptide chain traverses the lipid bilayer as a right-handed a helix and that the oligosaccharide chains and disulfide bonds are all on the noncytosolic surface of the membrane. Disulfide bonds do not form between the sulfhydryl groups in the cytoplasmic domain of the protein because the reducing environment in the cytosol maintains these groups in their reduced (-SH) form. * (2). Identification of transmembrane domains can be predicted from the amino acid sequence using a hydropathy plot. * Analysis of membrane proteins by using of molecule biological technique * （3)、膜蛋白的分子运动 侧向扩散和旋转扩散两种运动方式。 * 第三节、细胞膜的基本特征与功能 A. Dynamic nature of cell membrane B. The asymmetry of cell membranes —The foundation of membrane function 一．细胞膜基本特征 二．细胞膜的功能 * A. Dynamic nature of cell membrane Fluidity of membrane lipid. It give membranes the ability to fuse, form networks, and separate charge; Motility of membrane protein. The lateral diffusion of membrane lipids can demonstrated experimentally by a technique called Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP). 一．细胞膜基本特征 * The mobility of membrane proteins can be shown experimentally by the mixing of membrane proteins that occurs when two cells are tagged with different fluorescent labels and then induced to fuse. * Antibody-induced patching and capping of a cell-surface protein on a white blood cell. The bivalent antibodies cross-link the protein molecules to which they bind. This causes them to cluster into large patches, which are actively swept to the tail end of the cell to form a cap. The centrosome, which governs the head-tail polarity of