Signal-2-临床五年制2014PPT.ppt

Section 4 Signal Transduction Pathways (信号转导通路) ● Signal transduction pathways mediated by membrane receptors ● Signal transduction pathways mediated by intracellular receptors Signal Transduction Pathways 1. Signal transduction pathways mediated by membrane receptors 1.1 Ion channel-linked receptor-mediated pathway 1.2 cAMP dependent-protein kinase A(PKA) pathway 1.3 cGMP dependent PKG pathway 　 1.4 Ca2+ dependent protein kinase (PK) pathway 1.4.1 Ca2+ -DAG -dependent PKC pathway 1.4.2 Ca2＋-CaM dependent PK pathway 1.5 Tyrosine protein kinase(TPK) pathway 1.5.1 Receptor TPK－Ras－MAPK pathway 1.5.2 JAKs－STAT pathway 1.6 TGF- β pathway 1.7 NF-κB pathway 1.1 Ion channel-linked receptor-mediated pathway Neurotransmitter Ion channel-linked receptor chemical signal was switched to electrical signal biological effect N-acetylcholine receptor-mediated signaling at neuromuscular junction (神经肌肉接点处N-乙酰胆碱受体介导的信号转导) Example Why both anectine(琥珀胆碱) and tubarine(筒箭毒碱) can relax skeletal muscle？ Anectine: a depolarizing skelaxin(除极化型肌松剂)，resulting in a lasting depolarization by binding nAchR, which lets nAchR lost response to Ach. Applications: relaxing laryngeal muscle(松弛喉肌) by intravenous injection at tracheal intubation(气管插管), or short-time examinations such as tracheoscopy(气管镜检查） or esophagoscopy(食管镜检查) . Tubarine: competitive skelaxin, blocking the depolarizing function of Ach by competitively binding to nAchR . Clinical tips ● N-acetylcholine receptor(nAchR) decreases ● Anti-nAchR antibody increases myasthenia gravis (重症肌无力) Clinical tips 1.2 cAMP dependent-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway H(L) R G protein Phosphorylation of Es or functional proteins Biological effects PKA cAMP AC (1) cAMP metabolism AC PDE AC： Adenylate cyclase（腺苷酸环化酶） PDE： Phosphodiesterase（磷酸二酯酶） R Ｒ H AC γ α β GDP α GTP β γ Adenylate cyclase AC ATP cAMP (2) Production of cAMP R R cAMP Ｃ Ｃ (3) Mechanism of cAMP effect ---- Activate cA