大学英语1-2全套讲义.docx

语法　基本句型句子的主要成分是主语和谓语。　英语的基本句型有五种：　主语用S表示，谓语用V表示，宾语用O表示；表语用C表示，宾语补足语也是C。　1.SV （主谓结构）　2.SVC (主系表)　3.S V O（主谓宾）　4.S V O O（主谓＋双宾）　5.S V O C（主谓宾＋宾补）　这五种基本句型的特点：都有主语和谓语；而谓语动词类别的不同决定了谓语结构的不同，不同谓语结构决定了它后面所跟的句子成分不同，从而形成不同类型的句子。　1.主谓结构（SV）　for example: The fruit store has closed.那家水果店关门了。　They have been singing and dancing for two hours.他们又唱又跳已经两个小时了。　The plane will take off soon.飞机很快就要起飞。　They will fly to London.他们将飞往伦敦。　2.主――系――表（SVC）　系动词表示主语的性质、状态。常用系动词：be, become, look, seem, appear, get, feel, grow（变得）, turn（变成）, remain（仍然是）, come（变得）, fall（变得），hold(保持)，keep（保持），stand（保持），stay（保持），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来），taste(尝起来)　go: 作系动词时，意为：变得　The milk has gone bad.牛奶已经变质了。　For example:　（1）The motor is out of order.这台电机出了毛病。　（2）Her mother has fallen ill.她母亲生病了。　（3）The weather is getting quite warm.天气变得相当暖和。　（4）The roses smell sweet.这些玫瑰气味很香。　（5）Silk feels soft and smooth.丝绸摸上去又软又滑。　（6）The plan sounds perfect.这个计划听起来完美无缺。　3.主谓宾结构　The machine is drilling a hole.这台机器正在钻孔。　The teacher corrected her poor pronunciation more than once.老师不止一次地改正她的错误发音。　Storytelling has many strengths in improving oral English skills.讲故事对提高英语口语能力很有作用。　4.主语＋谓语＋双宾语　能跟双宾语的常用动词有：give, bring, tell, send, leave, pass, read, write, take, show, teach, get, 还有award（授予），lend（借），rent（租），buy（买），pay（支付）, hand (传递), recommend (推荐)等。　For example: give sb. sth.　He often gives me some help.他经常帮助我。　The new way saved us much time.这个新方法省了我们不少时间。　Could you do me a favor please?你能帮帮我的忙吗？　I paid the repairman fifty dollars.我给了修理工50元。　He ordered himself a soft drink.他给自己要了一瓶软饮料　Mr. Smith lent me his car.史密斯先生把他的车借给了我。　I found him a new textbook.我给他找了一本新的教科书。　Can you spare me a few minutes of your valuable time?我能占用你几分钟宝贵的时间吗？　The president awarded him the first prize.校长授予他一等奖。　手写板：give sth. to sb.　buy sb. sth. Or buy sth. for sb.　My father bought me a new bag last week.　My father bought a new bag for me last week.　5.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补　for example : He asked me to get to school earlier.他要我早点到校。　宾语＋宾语补足语即复合宾语。　可以加复合宾语的动词有： appoint（任命），believe（