连动式和兼语式的英文译法.ppt

连动式和兼语式的译法 1.连动式的译法 1.1表示先后关系的连动式通常将几个动词都译成谓语动词，按原文中的先后次序，用and加以连接。 他把书接过来摆在膝盖上。 He took the book and laid it on his lap. 这个军官放下杯子站了起来。 The officer put down his glass and stood up. 表示动作先后的连动式,第一个动作也可以用分词结构来表示。 她打开抽屉拿出词典来。 Opening the drawer she took out a dictionary. 他到了车站发现火车已经开走了。 Arriving at the station, he found that the train had left. 他备好了课开始写日记。 Having prepared his lessons, he began to write up his diary. 1．2表示“手段、目的”关系的连动式，在英译时，通常是把前一个动词，即表示手段的词译成谓语，而后一个动词即表示目的的词，则用不定式译成目的状语。 那老汉下意识地举起手来搔他那光秃秃的头顶。 The old man involuntarily raised his hand to scratch his bald head. 去年我和弟弟回乡去看朋友。 Last year I went home with my brother to visit my friends. 早在1938年他就出国学习。 As early as in 1938 he went abroad to study. 在“手段、目的”的连动式中，第二个动词也可以用表示目的意义的介词来译。 她回房间去取钥匙。 She went back to her room for the key. 这年头，谁敢下乡去收租米？ Who dares go down into the villages for rent these days? 1．3有些连动式，前一个动作表示后一个动作的方式、状态，两者形成主从关系。在英译时，通常把后一个动作用限定动词译成谓语，前一个动作译成分词或介词短语。 他们热烈鼓掌 欢迎日本来宾。 They welcomed the Japanese guests with warm applause. 不久，他捧着那本书回来了。 Very soon he came back, holding that book in his hand. 她已经洗完了衣服，坐在小溪边的石头上撩起布衫擦脸上的汗。 She had already finished washing. Seated on a stone beside the stream, she wiped her perspiring face with her tunic. 但是，连动式的翻译要符合英语习惯，灵活掌握。 她站在门口笑。 She stood at the door, grinning. She grinned standing at the door. 人民起来 反抗压迫。 The people rose against oppression. 我们应当起来 捍卫真理。 We should come forward in defence of truth. 2．兼语式的译法 兼语式的特点是：谓语有两个动词，前一动词的宾语，又是后一动词的主语，前后两个动词不共一个主语。 2．1按英语的SVOC（主语＋谓语＋宾语＋补语）句型把兼语式的第二个动词转化为英语的宾语补足语。 当兼语式的第一个动词是：“使、叫、让、教、请、劝、派、催、逼、要求、命令、请求、迫使、引诱、号召、鼓励、促进、动员、禁止、防止、阻挠……”等时，译成英语后，在很多情况下，其宾语补足语是由不定式来充当的。 我们都劝他戒烟。 We all advised him to give up smoking. 我请他教我法语。 I asked him to teach me French. 有时英语的宾语补足语也可由介词短语来充当。 他迫使对方处于守势。 He drove his opponent into a defensive position. 解放前环境迫使他行乞。 Before liberation circumstances forced him into begging. 地震使所有的房子都成了废墟。 The earthquake reduced all the house t