高考英语：定语句考点总结.docVIP

高考逼近还为英语犯愁？这里有份连老外都点赞的定语从句技巧 一、概念 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 二、 引导词 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 三、分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。 1、限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。例如： Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 2、非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。例如： The house,which we bought last month,is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的. 注意：非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词that。 四、关系代词的用法 1、that: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom;指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如： （1） A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语) （2）Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? （3）You can take anything ( that) you like. (宾语) （4）What is the question (that/which) they are talking about? （5）Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see. （6）Shes no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.(表语) （6）Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be.= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.= Our hometown is different from what it used to be.= Our hometown is not what it used to be. 2、which: 指物;在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如： （1） The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.(主语) （2）2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.(宾语) （3）The factory in which his father works is far from here. （4）He was proud, which his brother never was. (表语) （5）Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.(定语) （6） He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him. 3、who, whom, whose: who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人 whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人 whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。 （1）I like the students who/that work hard. (主语) （2）All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.) （3）Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor. (宾语) （4）Hes a man from whom we should learn. = Hes a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from. 比较：He is the student whom you think to be worthy of