Inversion幻灯片.pptVIP

5. 使句子平衡、上下文衔接紧密 1）主语过长 Gone are the days when China had to depend on foreign oil. 2) 句子衔接 （There is a gate to the south of Tian An Men Square.) Facing the gate is the Monument to the People’s heroes. 6. in, out, away, up, down, off等副词开头的句子 Up went the rocket into the air. 如主语是代词，用正常语序 Away they went. 7. 比较状语从句和其它比较结构 ，为了保持句子的平衡，如果用代词则不用倒装。 He traveled a great deal as did most of his friends. He is older than are other students in his class. . * * * * * Lesson Two  Two Kinds Li Jinxian 后置postponement 前置fronting 倒装inversion 后置postponement 一种语法手段，为了表示强调而把一个非句尾成分移至句尾 英语词序的两条重要原则： 句尾焦点end focus 句尾重心end weight 句子，作为一个传递信息的单位information unit，通常由“旧信息”+“新信息”构成； 旧信息old information（已知信息given/known information）=说话人认为或者假定对方已经了解的信息，这是信息传递的出发点，在句子中通常由主语表示。 新信息new information是信息传递的着重点，在句子中通常由谓语表示，而新信息的最关键部分又通常出现在句尾，这就是信息焦点information focus， 又叫句尾焦点end focus. Mr Smith is a friend of my father’s. 旧信息 新信息 信息焦点 主语较短、较简单； 谓语较长、较复杂； 这种句构特征叫做句尾重心end weight 根据这一原则，造句时要注意句子结构匀称，避免头大尾小，比如一个句子通常不以单一不及物动词作谓语。 He smokes. VS He smokes cigarettes. He rested. VS He took a rest. SVO结构中类似情况： They pushed the car. VS They gave the car a push. I kicked the door. VS I gave a door a kick. I visited her. VS I paid her a visit. 关键词语的后置 人们在组词成句时往往将说话人认为最重要的内容置于句尾，使之处于突出的地位，叫做“后置”postponement. He gave me a book. He gave a book to me. The cross-examination was expertly handled. It lasted only half an hour. To answer: How long did the cross-examinaitpon last? To asnwer: How was the cross-examination handled? 前置与倒装 把在正常词序中通常较晚出现的成分移至句首，使之处于突出的位置，从而受到特殊强调，叫做前置fronting. 使用前置手段表示强调，有时不必改变词序，有时导致倒装inversion. 不引起倒装的前置 不引起倒装的前置成分通常是宾语、主语补语和宾语补语： A horrible mess you’ve made of it. Book, he had treasurd from the earliest period of his life. Very strange it seemed. Keener and keener the competition became. A scandal I call it. I knew you were careless, but dishonest I never though you. 目的： 为了使上下文紧密衔接： Mr White fried two small pieces of fish. One of these he fed to his