宝典第二十二章 营养与儿科疾病课件.ppt 26页

第二十二章 营养与儿科疾病Chapter22 Nutrition and pediatric diseases ;侮滔右痈居跋玉身扣拇画瑶词丽嗣盘硬泞举蛀贾颤渐六港桌雌溶浙渴袋讫第二十二章 营养与儿科疾病第二十二章 营养与儿科疾病;第一节 蛋白质-热能营养不良;一、PEM与营养的关系The relationship between PEM and nutrition? ;二、营养预防 Nutritional Prevention? ;三、营养治疗 Nutrition Therapy? ;三、营养治疗 Nutrition Therapy;第二节 肥胖症;定义 definition ;一、本病与营养的关系 Relationship between obesity and nutrition? ;二、营养预防 Nutritional prevention;食物及营养素选择 The choice of food and nutrients 蛋白质、脂肪、糖类 Protein、fats、carbohydrate 能量供给 energy supply 低脂、高蛋白、高维生素、高膳食纤维 Low-fat, high-protein, high-vitamin and high-fiber 满足食欲和避免饥饿感 Satisfying the appetite and avoiding hunger;; 一、本病与营养的关系 Relationship between Infant diarrhea and nutrition 急性腹泻 Acute Diarrhea 病程不超过14天 clinical course less than 14 days 慢性腹泻 Chronic Diarrhea 病程超过两个月 clinical course more than 2 months 吸收不良以及免疫性、过敏性腹泻 ;二、营养代谢变化及营养预防Changes in metabolism and nutrition prevention 三、营养治疗 nutrition treatment 治疗原则 Treatment principles 急性腹泻:减轻肠道负担 Acute diarrhea: reducing the burden of intestinal 慢性腹泻:对症和对因治疗，勿滥用抗生素。 Chronic diarrhea :symptomatic treatment and due to treatment, not to use antibiotics indiscriminately. ;食物和营养素选择 初期禁食 限制脂肪、单双糖，适量蛋白质，大量水溶性维生素 饮食调整 禁食后的营养供给 补水 Choice of food and nutrients:? fast?in the initial； Limit fat、 mono- or di-saccharides，moderate protein and large dose of water-soluble vitamins； Dietary modification； Supply nutrient after fasting , maintain water and electrolyte balance.;第四节 小儿糖尿病 Section 4 Pediatric Diabetes;糖尿病是由于胰岛素缺乏或其他原因造成糖、脂肪、蛋白质的代谢紊乱症。 diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. 本病在小儿有两个发病高峰年龄组：5～6岁和11～13岁。 The incidence is high when children are 5 ~ 6 years old or 11 ~ 13 years old.; 一、本病与营养的关系 营养代谢变化 血糖 空腹血糖或血浆浓度增加 血脂 血清胆固醇、三酰甘油和游离脂肪酸明