高中必修五第一单元知识点总结.docVIP

Unit 1:Great Scientists 1. explain 说明；阐明；解释；辩解 【词组拓展】? explain sth away 为…做辩解；（通过解释）消除 ? explain oneself 说明自己的意思（动机）；把自己的意思表达清楚 ? explain ..as 把。。。解释为。。。 He explained to us that the heavy rain stopped him arriving on time. 【典型例题】would you please ________the usage of the last word in this sentence,Mr White? A. explain us B. explain all of us C explain to us D explain for all 2.characteristic n. 特征；特性 Kind is one of his characteristics .和蔼是他的特征之一 Adj. 典型的；独特的 I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh. 【典型例题】As the noises are _____of big cities, some people prefer to live in the countryside. A peculiar B particular C special D. characteristic 3. put forward: 提出（计划、建议等）；将…提前；把钟表拨快 e.g. He put forward a good plan for this project. 他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。 The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比赛已经提前到一点半举行。 Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把钟表拨快十分钟。 【词语联想】 ? put away: 收起来；贮存，储蓄 ? put down: 放下；写下，记下 ? put off: 推迟；延期 ? put on: 穿上；增加；上演（戏剧）e.g. put on weight: 增加了体重 put on a new play: 上演新戏剧 ? put up: 张贴；撑开（帐篷）e.g. put up a poster put up a tent: 搭起帐篷 4. conclude: v. 作结论，断定（conclusion: n. 结论） e.g. The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪审团认定他有罪。 【习惯用语】★ draw a conclusion 作出结论= come to a conclusion = arrive at a conclusion 【知识拓展】 in conclusion 最后，总之。 At the conclusion of 当。。。结束时 5. defeat vt.打败, 击败, 战胜； 使(希望, 计划等)失败, 挫败; 阻挠, 使无效 e.g. He finally conceded defeat. 他最终承认了失败。 ◆ 区别: defeat, conquer, overcome ? defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g. defeat the enemy 打败敌人。 ? conquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”,e.g. conquer nature ? overcome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, e.g. overcome difficulties 6. discover. 发现；发觉 Columbus discovered America in 1492 ◆ 区别 discover; find ;find out ;invent 1)discover 指发现客观存在的事物，发现已存在的而不为人所知的事物。 2） find 多指偶然、发觉、发现、碰到，后面可接名词、复合结构或that 从句 3）find out 指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相、实情，通过调查找出原因或发现秘密等 4）invent 发明，指原来没有的东西被发明出来了 【典型例题】Gilbert_____e