中北大学DNA-replication.pptVIP

3．DNA replication Including 3.1 An overview 3.2 Bacterial DNA replication 3.3 Eukaryotic DNA replication 3.1 An overview 3.1.1 Semi-conservative mechanism 3.1.2 Replicons, origins and termini 3.1.3 Semi-discontinuous replication 3.1.4 RNA priming 3.1.1 Semi-conservative mechanism The key to the mechanism of DNA replication is each strand of the DNA double helix carries the same information—their base sequences are complementary. Parent strand acts as a template to direct the synthesis of a new complementary daughter strand following the normal base-pairing rules. The point at which separation of the strands and synthesis of new DNA takes place is known as replication fork Semi-conservative mechanism was demonstrated experimentally in 1958 by Meselson ans Stahl. 3.1.2 Replicons, origins and termini Any piece of DNA which replicates as a single unit is called a replicon. The initiation of DNA replication always occurs at a fixed point---origin. Usually, the replication forks proceed bidirectionally untill the teminus is reached. All prokayotic chromosomes and many bacteriophage and viral DNA molecules are circular and comprise(含) single origin. Thus, there is a single termination site roughly 180o opposite the unique origin. Linear viral DNA usually have a single origin, but this is not necessarily in the centre of the molecules. In contrast, the long, linear DNA of eukaryotic chromosomes consist of multiple replicons, each with its own origin. Mammalian（哺乳动物） cell, 50000-100000 replicons Direction.DNA复制从特定的位置开始，大多数是双向等速复制方向进行的。有一些是单向的；或以不对称的双向方式进行。 Speed.真核生物DNA的复制速度比原核生物慢，真核生物复制叉移动速度大约为1 000-3 000bp/min；细菌DNA为50 000 bp/min，相差约20-50倍。但真核生物染色体DNA上有许多复制起点，可以分段复制。真核生物染色体DNA包含了许多串联排列的复制子，每一个复制子都有一个复制起点，使真核生物染色体的复制实为多复制子的同步复制。 复制主要方式 线性DNA双链的复制眼型 复制叉生长方式有单一起点的单向及双向和多个起点的双向几种。DNA正在复制的部分在电镜下观察起来犹如一只眼睛，称为复制眼。 环状DNA双链的复制：θ型，滚环型和D－环型 3.1.3 Semi-discontinuous replication Semi-discontinuous replication model. One strand, the leading strand, is made continuou