定语从句讲以及五十题.docVIP

定语从句 【知识简介】 名词或代词由一个从句来修饰，该从句即定语从句。定语从句一般后置，但as引导的修饰全句的定语从句可以前置。 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as等以及关系副词when, where, why等。关系代词或关系副词放在被修饰的名词或代词（又叫做先行词）和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又作定语从句中的一个成份。 【要点难点】 1) that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况： ① 先行词由最高级修饰时，如the best work that I can do。 ② 先行词由序数词修饰时，如the second book that I bought。 ③ 先行词由the last, the only, the same, the very等修饰时。 ④ 先行词是不定代词all, anything, everything, little, much, nobody, nothing等时，如anything that he does; all that I can do now等。 ⑤ 先行词有any, no, all等限定词时，如all the words that I’ve learned。 ⑥ 先行词为词组，该词组既含人又含物时，如the city and the people that I visited。 只用which的情况： ① 在非限定性定语从句中（定语从句前有逗号）。The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） ② 介词后。Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born. 请看that和which的使用例句： ? It’s the best film that’s ever been made on the subject of madness. 这是以精神病为题材而拍摄的影片中最好的一段。 ? Shakespeare is the greatest poet that England has ever had. 莎士比亚是英国最伟大的诗人。（本句中先行词虽是人，但由于前面也有形容词最高级修饰，仍用that较好） ? Take the first opportunity that offers. 抓住第一个出现的机会。 ? He is the last person that one would suspect. 人们最不可能怀疑他。 ? Man is the only creature that is gifted with speech. 只有人类具有语言的天赋。 ? A fool sees not the same tree that a wise man sees. 一个傻瓜看到的树和一个聪明人看到的树不一样。 ? Those were the very words that he said at the meeting. 这些就是他在会上说的原话。 ? All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的并不都是金子。 ? Anything that you have to say had better be said in each other’s presence. 有话最好当面说。 ? There’s still much that is to be done. 仍然有很多事要做。 ? I have changed my mind. Nothing that you say will change it. 我已经改变了主意，无论你说什么也无法改变它。 ? Nobody that was there could convince her of her mistake. 这那儿没有一个人能使她明白她的错误。 ? Every paper that you read gives the same story. 你看的每份报纸都报道同样的新闻。 ? I still can’t forget the places and the people that I visited during last summer vacation. 我仍然难以忘怀去年暑假我见到的地方和人。 2) 关系代词（that, which, who, whom等）和关系副词（when, where等）的用法区别 ① 关系代词在定语从句作主语、宾语或表语，而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。 ② 分析时主要从动词的及物性或有无介词来考虑。 看如下对比例句： ① This is the factory