非谓语动词--动词不定式(精编).docVIP

非谓语动词 在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做谓语动词；在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动词，叫做非谓语动词，非谓语动词通常有三种形式： 1.由“to+动词原形”而成的不定式 2.由“动词原形+ing”而成的现在分词或动名词； 3.由“动词原形+ed”而成的（包括动词的不规则变化）过去分词。 动词不定式不定式的形式 主动形式 被动形式 一般形式 进行形式 完成形式 不定式的时态 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生，或 是在它之后发生， to do…,例如： I saw him go out．She wanted to be a doctor when she grew up. ② 如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进 行式。 to be doing …例如： I am very glad to be working with you．Some students pretended to be reading English when the teacher came in. ③ 如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要用完成式。 to have done …,例如: I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.He is said to have left the stage already as he has become an official. 不定式的否定形式 不定式的否定形式由not加上不定式构成，即： not to do sth, not to be doing sth, not to have done sth 例如: Mother told the children not to play football in the street.In order not to miss the train they got up early. He pretended not to have seen his friend 不定式的语态 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。to be done / to have been done, 例如： He asked to be sent to work in the countryside．It is impossible for our hopes to be realized．The book is said to have been translated into English. 不定式主动形式表示被动意义: ① 不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式． I’t got a chair to sit on .(I sit on a chair ) He needs a room to live in．( He lives in a room．)’m going to tbe market. Do you have anything to be bought? ②在“be +adj.+to do”结构中. 常见的形容词有：easy,hard ,difficult,interesting, heavy, pleasant, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible等。 The water is not fit to drink. The book is difficult to understand. ③ 不定式与疑问代词连用时。 We can never know what to expect from him. ④某些动词的不定式与be连用时。常见的有 to blame, to let 等。 In the accident, the car driver was to blame. 不定式的用法?①作主语 不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。例如： .What fun it is to read such a detective story! ②作宾语 不定式短语作宾语时，位于及物动词之后。可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：agree, afford, ask, decide, expect, fail, happen,hope, learn, intend, long, manage, mean, offer, plan, prom