医学（风疹病毒课件.ppt

Viruses associated with respiratory infections Biological properties Morphology Structure Antigenicity Replication Cultivation Resistance Pathogenicity immunity Laboratory diagnosis Prevention treatment Section 1 Influenza (flu) virus ? The outbreaks of flu occur every year. Why are we so worried about it this year? Known flu pandemics (worldwide outbreak) 1918 flu pandemic worldwide H1N1 500 million (1/3) 50~100 million mortality rate:10~20% 1918 - Spanish flu (H1N1) Avian (bird) flu Questions A member of the family orthomyxoviridae 3 types: A, B, C (based on NP and M proteins) Influenza A viruses can infect a variety of different host species (aquatic birds, chickens, ducks, pigs, horses, and seals). Influenza B infects only human beings, and influenza C infects humans and swine. Only influenza A virus has the potential to shift, whereas A,B and C may drift antigenically. Morphology Spherical ? = 80-120nm Enveloped Structure Structure HA, hemagglutinin Glycoprotein, trimer 15 subtypes Functions enables virus to attach to host cell influenza viruses bind to cells by the HA interacting with cell membrane receptors containing N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid). Hemagglutination the virus agglutinates certain species of erythrocyte antigenicity, protective antibodies NA, neuraminidase Glycoprotein, tetramer 9 subtypes Functions Sialidase. The enzyme catalyses the cleavage of sialic acid and an adjacent sugar residue in glycoproteins found in mucus. This action allow virus to permeate mucin and escape from “non-specific” inhibitors. Also enables new virion to be released from host cell antigenicity Antigenic drift antigenic shift antigenic drift embryonated eggs the culture fluid is examined for virus after 7 days by hemagglutination. primary monkey kidney cells or some other continuous cells The cells is examined by hemadsorption (b) hemadsorption and must not be (a) E-rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes by T lymphocytes Reye’s syndrome is an acu