论美国学者概要.pptVIP

* The American Scholar Written in1837 by Ralph Waldo Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882) 1803,born in Boston. 1810,his father died. 1820,graduated from Harvard. 1822,worked at Harvard University Divinity School. 1831,his first wife Ellen tucker died of tuberculosis. 1832,he resigned and traveled the Europe, meet with William Wordsworth ,Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Thomas Carlyle, accepted Apriorism. 1833,came back to Boston. 1835,he has four children with his second wife Lydia Jackson. founded “Transcendental club”. 1840,published Nature. 1841, published Collected Papers(1). 1844,published Collected Papers(2). 1882,died. Samuel Taylor Coleridge Thomas Carlyle William Wordsworth Apriorism: believe people’s knowledge precede experience and social practice, it’s a heroic conception of history. Transcendentalism: A literary and philosophical movement,?asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition.? Published in 1840 Published in 1844 Published in 1841 Every day, the sun; and, after sunset, night and her stars. Science is constantly imitating nature. Every time science progress has moved to nature law. Human kind want to conquer nature is just a joke. The human and the nature merge into one organic whole, harmonious?par agenesis. Nature is the opposite of the soul, answering to it part for part. One is seal, and one is print.? Emerson believes book is the best form of influence scholar’s mind. So we can learn the truth from the book. There is nothing perfect thought in any book, no authority, we can challenge anyone’s point include Plato. Reading books are for nothing but to inspire. The soul active sees absolute truth; and utters truth, or creates. There is then creative reading as well as creative writing. When the mind is braced by labor and invention, the page of whatever book we read becomes luminous with manifold allusion