2011高考总复习英语实用精品学案高考语法专题情态动词和虚拟语气.docVIP

高考语法专题：情态动词与虚拟语气 考纲新研读 情态动词 1. can, could (1)表示能力或客观可能性、请求或允许： Man cannot live without air or water. (2)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信： How can you be so careless! He couldn’t be over sixty. (3)表示对过去否定或疑问的猜测： Jack cannot (couldn’t) have been to China, has he? Can (Could) he have heard the news? (4)表示虚拟语气，用于肯定句，could have done,“过去能够干 某事而没干”。 I could have lent him money, but he didn’t ask me. Given more time, I could have done it even better. (5)表示“有时会”： Training alone can be dangerous. 2. may, might (1)表示推测“可能”： That may or may not be true. (2)对过去可能性的推测，may (might可能性更小)have done： She may not have seen the film. She might have had an accident. (3)表示虚拟语气“有可能干而没干”： She might have given you more help, but she didn’t. (4)表示祝愿： May you succeed in passing the exam！ 3.must，have to (1)“必须”，“必要”： Soldiers must obey orders. You mustn’t talk like that. (2)肯定的猜测(不能用于否定或疑问)：“一定”： He must be seventy now. He must be doing his homework upstairs. I think you must have made a mistake, didn’t you? He must have been doing his homework then. (3)(表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦)偏要 Just as I was hurrying to class, Mary must come, telling a long story. 4. need (1)“需要”，主要用于否定、疑问句。 You needn’t do it at once. (2)needn’t have done,“过去不需要干而干了”： You had enough time left. You needn’t have hurried. (3)特殊句型，“需要干某事”： The tree needs (wants, requires) watering (to be watered). 5.dare，dared (1)主要用于疑问、否定和条件句中： How dared they do such a thing? (2)可作实意动词：dare (to) do: He didn’t dare (to) go there. 6. shall, should (1)shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，征求对方意见： Shall I turn on the radio? (2)shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示允诺、警告、命 令、决心等。 You shall fail if you don’t take his advice. Nothing s