Kinematics in One Dimension - McMaster Physics and Astronomy运动学-麦克马斯特的一维物理和天文学.pptVIP

Physics 1D03 - Lecture 2 * If you missed the first lecture. . . Find the course webpage:http://physwww.mcmaster.ca/~okon/1d03/1d03.html and read the course outline and the first lecture. Log into Avenue to Learn (http://avenue.mcmaster.ca) and find Physics 1D03. There you can find out which lab/tutorial section you are in. Get a copy of your lab/tutorial schedule from the course web page. Physics 1D03 - Lecture 2 * Kinematics in One Dimension Displacement, velocity, acceleration Graphs A special case: constant acceleration Bodies in free fall Serway and Jewett Chapter 2 Physics 1D03 - Lecture 2 * Kinematics : the description of motion One dimension : motion along a straight line (e.g., the x-axis) Examples - sprinter running 100 meters in a straight line - ball falling straight down, and bouncing back up Physics 1D03 - Lecture 2 * 1-D motion can be described by scalars (real numbers with units) as functions of time: The sign (positive or negative) keeps track of direction (in 1-D). Algebraic relations involving position, velocity, and acceleration come from calculus. The same relations can be seen from graphs of position, velocity, and acceleration as functions of time. Position x(t) (displacement from the origin) Velocity v(t) (rate of change of position) Acceleration a(t) (rate of change of velocity) Physics 1D03 - Lecture 2 * position x as a function of time t Average velocity : (slope of the line) ?x ?t x1 x2 t1 t2 t x Displacement : Physics 1D03 - Lecture 2 * Instantaneous velocity is the average over an ‘infinitesimal’ time interval : v is the slope of the tangent to the x vs. t graph. Physically, v is the rate of change of x, hence dx/dt. t t x Physics 1D03 - Lecture 2 * Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity: Physics 1D03 - Lecture 2 * Graphs of x(t), v(t), a(t) Physics 1D03 - Lecture 2 * Graphs of x(t), v(t), a(t) Physics 1D03 - Lecture 2 * Quiz A rubber ball