高三英语专项复习之独立主格结构重点讲解.ppt

高三英语专项复习之 独立主格结构 独立主格结构的内容 独立主格结构是指与主语之间没有任何语法关系的名词或代词加上分词或分词短语的独立结构。它不修饰单个的词或词组，而修饰整个句子。这种结构不与主句发生语法上的联系（时态、形式等），位置相当灵活。 它构成一个单独实体，具有以下两种功能： 1.解释原因或情景； 2.提供主句中重点部分的相关细节。 需要特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能有任何连接词。 独立主格结构的形式 一、名词/代词＋分词 e.g. The man was backing, his face being deathly pale. 1. 在独立主格结构中，主语与分词形成逻辑主谓关系时，也就是主动关系时，用现在分词。 e.g. Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. 当主语与分词形成逻辑动宾关系时，也就是被动关系时，用过去分词。 e.g. More money given, we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained. 独立主格结构的形式 2.在独立主格结构中，如果强调分词的时间发生在主句动词之前，常用现在分词完成时态表示。 1) The snow having stopped, she went out to the zoo. 2) The clock having struck 12, I went to bed. 3) The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting. 我们一起来改一下这个句子： 1)After his work dad been finished, he went home. 2)His work finished, he went home. 3)His work having been finished, he went home. 独立主格结构的形式 二、名词/代词＋形容词 e.g. 1. The food delicious, I was full. 2. The weather hot, we all went swimming. (形容词) 3. The weather being hot, we all went swimming. (现在分词) 所以说being是可以省略的。 三、名词/代词＋副词 e.g. 1. The meeting (being) over, we left the room. 2. All the lights on, the building looks even more beautiful. 四、名词/代词＋不定式 e.g. 1. I to go to New York, he asked me not. 独立主格结构的形式 五、名词/代词＋介词短语 e.g. 1. He climbed in ,sword in hand. 2. She walked toward me, flower in hand. 六、with引导的独立主格结构，即是with的复合结构： with+名词/代词+分词/形/副/不定式/介短。 e.g. Our teacher went to see what was happening, with a book in his arm. 表示伴随状况时，既可用分词的独立结构： e.g. He stood there, his hand tied. 也可以用with的复合结构： e.g. He stood there, with his hand tied. 独立主格结构使用介词的问题 当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词)，也不用复数。 e.g. A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. ( knife 和 hand 没有冠词或物主代词) 但with结构不受此限制 e.g. A robber burst into the room, with a knife in his hand. 所以with省略时 ,介词前后的两个名词就应该作出相应调整。 附： without (同 with ) e.g. He took off his shoes and crept up the stairs, without any steps (being) heard. 独立主格结