第十一讲 动词语态(小升初专项讲义及练习).docVIP

内容 基本要求 一、定义 用法 区别 被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。 被动语态是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。be本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化，其变化与时态中的变化一致。 各种时态的主动、被动语态结构表（以动词do为例） 时态 主动语态 被动语态 例句 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do / does am/is/are+done We clean the classroom. The classroom is cleaned by us. 一般过去时 did was/were+done He made the kite. The kite was made by him. 现在进行时 am/is/are+ doing am/is/are+being done She is watering flowers. Flowers are being watered by her. 现在完成时 have/has+ done have/has+been done Jim has finished the work. The work has been finished by Jim. 一般将来时 will/shall/be going to+do will/shall/be going to+be done They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 过去进行时 was/were+ doing was/were+being done She was writing a letter at this time yesterday. A letter was being written by her at this time yesterday. 过去完成时 had+done had+been done Jim had finished the work. The work had been finished by Jim. 含有情态动词 can/may/must +do can/may/must+be done I can find him. He can be found by me. 热身练习 改写句子。 1. About one thousand stamps have been collected. (改为否定句) 2. Rice is grown in the south of China. (改为一般疑问句) 3. Your homework must be handed in today. (改为一般疑问句) 4. The children were looked after quite well. (改为否定句) 5. Trees are being planted now. (改为一般疑问句) 1. 被动语态的用法： 1）不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 如：The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建造的。 He was elected chairman. 他被选为主席。 2）当更加强调动作的承受者时，此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。 如：The room hasnt been cleaned yet. 房间还没有打扫。 The tiger was killed by him. 老虎被他杀死了。 3）当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。 如：The window was blown by wind. 窗户被风吹开了。 The whole village has been washed away by the flood. 整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。 2. 主动语态改为被动语态的方法 1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面： ①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语； ②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋动词的过去分词”结构； ③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。 2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况： ①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位； ②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。 如：H