分子生物学7-DNA damage repair and recombinant.pptVIP

DNA damage, repair and recombinationDNA损伤、修复和重组 The nature of mutations (突变的本质) Point mutation 点突变 （Substitution 碱基置换） 　 Mutations that alter a single nucleotide. Base pair deletion or insertion Three important sources of mutations三种重要的突变源 The perpetuation of the genetic materials from generation to generation depends on maintaining rates of mutation at low level. 　遗传物质代代相传依赖于突变概率维持在低水平上。 However, if the genetic materials were perpetuated with perfect fidelity, the genetic variation needed to drive evolution would be lacking, and new species would not have arisen. 然而，传给子代的遗传物质如果绝对精确的话，就失去了驱动进化的基因变异，新的物种也不会形成。 Three important sources of mutations三种重要的突变源 DNA damage spontaneously from hydrolysis and deamination Mutagenesis 诱变-2 Three important sources of mutations三种重要的突变源 Base excision repair 碱基切除修复 Base excision repair Nucleotide excision repair 核苷酸切除修复 Mismatch repair DNA recombination Homologous recombination 2 同源重组 2 Major biological roles of homologous recombination To repair double-stranded breaks (DSBs) in DNA　 DNA断裂的修复 To promote genetic exchange between the chromosome of a cell and DNA that enters the cell via phage-mediated transduction or cell – cell conjugation．促进细菌染色体与外来的DNA的遗传交换（通过噬菌体介导的传导及细胞与细胞接合的方式进入细胞） Major biological roles of homologous recombination To repair DNA break and collapsed replication forks 　　DNA断裂的修复和复制叉的重启 To promote genetic exchange and chromosome maintenance　遗传交换和染色体维持 To be essential to the process of chromosome pairing during meiosis　减数分裂中的染色体配对所必须。 Site-specific recombination 位点特异性重组 Questions Define the following terms：mutation, DNA damage, Point mutation, Transition, Transversion, Frameshift , mutagenesis, homologous combination, transposition Describe the main kinds of DNA repairs and their major mechanisms. UvrABCD核酸切除酶在受损的两侧切割，使得中间12-13nt核苷酸切除，DNA聚合酶I填补缺口，连接酶将缺口封闭。a multienzyme complex in E.coli bacteria involved in DNA repair mechanism by nucleotide excision repair 核苷酸切除修复酶不能区分各种不同的损伤，而是识别