高中英语译林版选修七教学案：Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Grammar Writing(含答案).docVIP

Section_ⅣGrammar Writing 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 语法图解 探究发现 ①Regular public broadcasting followed shortly afterwards. ②Many different people contributed to the development of TV. ③I regret to tell you that your application has been turned down. ④On my birthday she gave me a mobile phone as a gift. ⑤It was not until the early 1950s that most tape recorders began using plastic tape. ⑥Who can foresee what the future will bring? ⑦The first public TV broadcasts were made in the USA. ⑧However, most people still benefit from satellite TV. [我的发现] (1)以上各句中的黑体部分，属于及物动词的有③④⑤⑥⑦，属于不及物动词的有①②⑧。 (2)从以上句子可以看出，及物动词可接名词、代词、不定式、从句、动名词作宾语。由④句可以看出，某些及物动词可以跟复合宾语，即宾语加宾语补足语。 (3)由⑦句可以看出，及物动词能使用被动语态。 (4)由②⑧句可以看出，不及物动词不能直接接宾语；必要时，则需加介词。 一、及物动词 及物动词是指后面可直接跟宾语，并且必须跟宾语才能使其意义完整的动词。大部分及物动词有被动语态。 (一)及物动词常用于以下三种结构中： 1．“主语＋谓语＋宾语”结构 此时的宾语可以是一个名词、代词、动词不定式(短语)、疑问词＋动词不定式、动名词(短语)或者从句。 He charged the battery.(名词) Eventually, his behavior satisfied her.(代词) I want to get your help. (动词不定式短语) I dont know what to do. (疑问句＋动词不定式) He delayed telling her the news. (动名词短语) No one can foresee what will happen in the future. (宾语从句) (1)下面这些及物动词后只能接动名词作宾语： admit(承认)，appreciate(感激), avoid, consider(考虑), delay, deny, enjoy, escape, prevent, fancy(想象), finish, imagine, mind, miss(想念), postpone(推迟), practise, recall(回忆), resist, risk, suggest(建议), include, stand(忍受), forgive, keep(继续)等。 Would youmind using your phone? 用一下你的电话你介意吗？ That young guy still denies having started the fire behind the store. 那个年轻人仍然否认在商店后面放了火。 (2)下面这些及物动词后只能接不定式作宾语： afford, arrange, ask, choose, decide, determine, expect, hesitate, hope, long(渴望), manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, threat, whish等。 Can you afford to lend me some money? 你能借一些钱给我吗？ He has determined to learn French. 他已决定学法语了。 (3)可接不定式/动名词作宾语且意义差别大的及物动词。 (4)接不定式或动名词作宾语且意义差别不大的及物动词。 a．表示“爱、憎、喜、恶”的情感类动词hate, love, like, prefer等后接不定式或动名词作宾语时，意义虽相同，内涵却有些区别——接不定式作宾语时，一般表示一次性的、具体的动作；接动名词作宾语时，一般表示习惯性的、一般性的动作。 They prefer stayingindoors when it is cold. 天冷时他们喜欢待在屋里。