控烟是我们共同使命.ppt

而冠心病死亡率也与吸烟有关，从图中可以看到，当不吸烟者的冠心病死亡风险为1时，每天吸烟1－14支的随访者发生冠心病死亡的相对风险为1.7，每天15－24支的随访者的相对风险是3.7，每天大于25支者的相对风险是5.4，提示吸烟能增加冠心病死亡的风险，而且冠心病死亡风险随着吸烟量的递增而上升。 Key Point The risk of fatal CAD may be directly related to the amount smoked. Willett et al prospectively evaluated the incidence of CAD in a cohort of 119,404 female nurses enrolled in the Nurses’ Health Study. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline (1976) and were followed up over a 6-year period. Smoking status was identified. Deaths among nonrespondents were identified through searches of state records and the National Death Index or were reported by family members. More than 98% of the deaths were identified. Fatal CAD was defined as fatal myocardial infarction (MI) confirmed by hospital records or at autopsy, or as CAD recorded on the death certificate, if this was the only cause given and there was previous evidence of CAD. Compared with nonsmokers, the age-adjusted relative risk (RR) of fatal CAD, increased with increasing daily cigarette use: 1.7, 3.7, and 5.4, for 1-14/day, 15-24/day, and ?25/day, respectively. Reference Willett WC, Green A, Stampfer MJ, et al. Relative and absolute excess risks of coronary heart disease among women who smoke cigarettes. N Engl J Med. 1987;317(21):1303-1309. 吸烟除了能引起冠心病发病和心绞痛发作之外，还会导致心源性猝死。图中显示，当不吸烟者的心源性猝死风险为1时，吸烟者的相对风险则是2.3，吸烟者心源性猝死发生的风险是不吸烟者的2.3倍，提示吸烟增加心源性猝死的风险。 Key Point Overall, current smoking was associated with a 3-fold increase in the odds of having a nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (MI) compared with nonsmokers. Teo et al evaluated 12,133 cases of first acute MI and 14,435 age-matched and sex-matched controls in the international, multicenter INTERHEART study. Trained staff administered a questionnaire to both cases and controls in which participants were asked detailed questions about their smoking status. Overall, current smoking was associated with a 3-fold increase in the odds of having a non-fatal acute MI, compared with nonsmokers (odds r