Mechanical Design Instructional Web Server 机械的设计教学的Web服务器—.pptVIP

Mechanical Design Of Process Equipment Objectives Select suitable material of construction Specify design temperature and pressure Calculate wall thickness Material of Construction Mechanical and physical properties Corrosion resistance Ease of fabrication Availability in standard sizes Cost Material of Construction (Cont’d) Preliminary Selection Selection Charts Literature Previous experience Advise from materials supplier Advise from equipment manufacturer Advise from consultants Material of Construction (Cont’d) Final Selection Based on economic analysis which would include Material cost Maintenance cost Commonly Used Materials of Construction Metals Polymers or Plastics Ceramic Materials Metals Carbon steels Stainless steels Specialty alloys Carbon Steels Most common engineering material Advantages Inexpensive Good tensile strength and ductility Available in a wide range of standard forms and sizes Easily worked and welded Carbon Steels (Cont’d) Limitations Corrosion resistance not good External surface need painting to prevent atmospheric corrosion Suitable for use with: Most organic solvents Steam, air, cooling water, boiler feed water Concentrated sulfuric acid and caustic alkalies Stainless Steels Most frequently used corrosion resistant materials in the chemical industry High chromium or high nickel-chromium alloys of iron chromium content must be 12% Nickel added to improve weldability and corrosion resistance in non-oxidizing env. Stainless Steels(Cont’d) Main Types of Stainless Steel Type 304 – 18% Cr 8% Ni Type 304L – low carbon version to improve welding of thick plates Type 316 – Mo added to improve corrosion resistance in reducing conditions and at high temperature. Stainless Steels(Cont’d) Limitations Intergranular corrosion or weld decay possible in reducing environment Stress cracking can be caused by a few ppm of chloride ions Specialty Alloys Monel – 67% Ni, 33% Cu Better corrosion resistance