Research Design Callisto Publishing Introduction的研究的设计木卫四出版的介绍.pptVIP

RESEARCH DESIGN – Single-Subjects Designs ? RESEARCH DESIGN Single-Subject Designs ? The single-subject designs were derived primarily from the work of behavioral psychologists, especially those engaged in applied behavioral analysis, which combines behavioral principles with the techniques of experimental psychology to solve socially-relevant problems. While the single-subject designs are often used to investigate the effects of an independent variable on the behavior of one subject or a small number of subjects, they can also be used with groups of subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN Several characteristics distinguish the single-subject designs from the group designs: Each single-subject design includes at least one baseline (no treatment) phase and one treatment phase. As a result, each subject acts as his/her own no-treatment control. The dependent variable is measured repeatedly at regular intervals throughout the baseline and treatment phases. Repeated measurement of the DV helps control any maturational effects that might otherwise threaten the studys internal validity by enabling an investigator to detect those effects in the pattern of performance on the DV measure. RESEARCH DESIGN There are a large number of single-subject designs, but the most commonly used are the AB design (and its extensions) and the multiple baseline design. AB Design Reversal (Withdrawal) Designs Multiple Baseline Designs RESEARCH DESIGN AB Design ? The simplest single-subject design is the AB design, which includes a single baseline (A) phase and a single treatment (B) phase. As in all single-subject designs, the dependent variable is measured at regular intervals during both phases. RESEARCH DESIGN Example: A psychologist decides to assess the effects of a low dose of phenothiazines on the BPRS scores of one patient using the AB design. She administers the BPRS to the patient at two-week intervals for three months during the baseline (A) phase of the study and for three mont