Research design using quantitative methods用定量的方法的研究的设计.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Research Design: Using Quantitative Methods Objectives By the end of this session you will be able to: Describe the experimental and quasi-experimental research approaches. Formulate appropriate questions and hypotheses. Identify populations and samples. Describe the principles of research tool design (validity and reliability). Stages in the experimental design process Identifying issues ‘Good’ research topics might emerge: From the literature. Within workplace settings. From previous projects/assignments. From a sponsor. Review the literature The literature review of the research topic What are the key sources? What are the major issues and debates about the topic? What are the origins and definitions of the topic? What are the key theories, concepts and ideas? What is the epistemological and ontological basis for the subject? What are the main questions/problems that have been addressed to date? Source: adapted from Hart (1998) Develop questions/hypotheses Kerlinger and Lee (2000) argues that a good research question: Expresses a relationship between variables (e.g., company image and sales levels). Is stated in unambiguous terms in a question format, and … Must be capable of being operationally defined (Black, 1993). Types of applied research questions – with examples Type of research question Example Descriptive How common is drug use amongst university students? Normative How serious is drug abuse amongst university students Correlation What is the relationship between gender, academic performance and drug use amongst university students? Impact Has the drug awareness campaign had any impact on the level of university student drug use? A hypothesis Is a speculative statement of the relation between two or more variables. Describes a research question in a testable format which predicts the nature of the answer. Can be written as a directional statement, such as, ‘When this happens, then that happens’. Identifying ind