Research Methods University of Kentucky的研究方法肯塔基大学.pptVIP

Research Methods Case studies Correlational research Experimental research **will need to know more detail than is in your book about these topics Case Study Murray (1938) personology = need to understand the whole person as a coherent entity (vs. just parts of people) in-depth study of one person Case Study Useful in several instances: Rare or unusual situations Piano virtuoso Mass murderers To demonstrate possibilities Hypnosis To demonstrate a treatment PTSD treatment in child As disconfirming evidence Shatter assumptions about abilities Case Study Strengths Depth and detail Capture complexity Weaknesses Problem of generalization: idiosyncratic subject Problem of generalization: experimenter biases and subjective impressions Entangled relationships among variables Correlational Design = a study that assesses the extent to which two variables are related Defines the relationship in quantitative terms Correlational (“co-related”) When one variable changes in value, what happens to the other variable? Correlation Example Is there a relationship between self-esteem and GPA? Need to have different levels of my first variable: self-esteem Very high self-esteem -------- ? Moderately high self-esteem--? Average self-esteem -----------? Moderately low self-esteem --? Very low self-esteem ----------? Correlation Example Raw Data: Self-esteem score GPA Tim 42 3.8 Bart 10 1.4 Kelsey 15 2.5 Kim 22 3.1 Etc. Correlation Example See scatterplot of data Direction of Correlation Scatterplot showed a positive correlation As one variable increased, the second variable also increased As self-esteem goes up, academic achievement also goes up Think of some examples of positively correlated variables Negative (inverse) correlation As on variable increases, the second variable decreases (i.e. one gets bigger, the other gets smaller) As amount of alcohol intake increases, motor control decreases Think of examples of negatively correlated variables