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Research Methods in Psychology Parts of a Research Paper APA Format The primary source for style requirements and format when writing reports of psychological research is the sixth edition of the Publication Manual (2010) of the American Psychological Association (APA). Psychology students should not submit class research projects for publication unless supervised by an instructor or research mentor. An online resource for APA format and guidelines is available at: Guidelines for Effective Writing Know Your Audience. If you assume your readers know more than they actually do, they’ll be confused. If you underestimate your readers, they’ll be bored with unnecessary details. Err on the side of underestimating your readers. Identify Your Purpose. Research manuscripts use expository writing. The principal purposes of a research manuscript are to describe and to convince. Guidelines (continued) Write clearly. Use economy of expression (i.e., be concise). Be precise. Follow grammatical rules. Guidelines (continued) Be concise. Say only what needs to be said. Short words and short sentences are easier to understand. Write several drafts of your manuscript; decrease wordiness as you edit your drafts. Be precise. Choose the right word for what you want to say. Follow grammatical rules. Failure to adhere to grammatical rules distracts the reader and introduces unnecessary ambiguity. Grammatical errors decrease the credibility of your persuasive argument. Guidelines (continued) Write fairly. Choose words and sentence constructions that avoid bias on the basis of gender, sexual orientation, racial or ethnic group, disability, or age. Describe persons at the appropriate level of specificity (e.g., describe men and women participants rather than the generic term man when referring to human beings). Be sensitive to labels used to describe racial and ethnic groups. Avoid the term “subjects” when describing human participants. Guidelines (continued) Write an interesting report. P