Systematic Design of SpaceTime Trellis Codes for Wireless 无线网格空时码系统的的设计.pptVIP

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Systematic Design of SpaceTime Trellis Codes for Wireless 无线网格空时码系统的的设计.ppt

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Systematic Design of SpaceTime Trellis Codes for Wireless 无线网格空时码系统的的设计

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ECE6331 Spring 2009 Okumura Model It is one of the most widely used models for signal prediction in urban areas, and it is applicable for frequencies in the range 150 MHz to 1920 MHz Based totally on measurements (not analytical calculations) Applicable in the range: 150MHz to ~ 2000MHz, 1km to 100km T-R separation, Antenna heights of 30m to 100m ECE6331 Spring 2009 Okumura Model The major disadvantage with the model is its low response to rapid changes in terrain, therefore the model is fairly good in urban areas, but not as good in rural areas. Common standard deviations between predicted and measured path loss values are around 10 to 14 dB. G(hre)： ECE6331 Spring 2009 Okumura and Hata’s model Example 4.10 ECE6331 Spring 2009 Hata Model Empirical formulation of the graphical data in the Okamura model. Valid 150MHz to 1500MHz, Used for cellular systems The following classification was used by Hata: ■Urban area ■Suburban area ■Open area ECE6331 Spring 2009 PCS Extension of Hata Model COST-231 Hata Model, European standard Higher frequencies: up to 2GHz Smaller cell sizes Lower antenna heights f 1500MHz Metropolitan centers Medium sized city and suburban areas ECE6331 Spring 2009 Walfisch and Bertoni Model Path loss (1) Free space path loss : (1) (2) (3) (2) Roof-top-to-street diffraction and scatter loss term : (3) Multiscreen diffraction loss : ECE6331 Spring 2009 Walfisch and Bertoni’s model ECE6331 Spring 2009 Wideband PCS Microcell Model A 2-ray ground reflection model is a good estimate for path loss in LOS microcells, Low antenna heights A simple log-distance path loss model holds well for obstructed microcells, Urban clutter df represents the distance at which the first Fresnel zone just becomes obstructed by the ground ECE6331 Spring 2009 Measured data from San Francisco ECE6331 Spring 2009 Indoor Propagation Models