分子章节结(分子生物期末复习资料）.docxVIP

Lecture1DNA structure(overall structure of the DNA molecule. )1.DNA is composed of 2 chains of nucleotides that form a double helix双螺旋 shape.2.The two strands are antiparallel反向平行3.The backbone of the DNA molecule is composed of alternating交替的 phosphate groups磷酸基 and sugars4.The complimentary nitrogenous bases含氮碱基 form hydrogen bonds氢键 between the strands5. A is complementary to T and G is complementary to CDNA functions1. Storage of genetic information2. Self-duplication inheritance3. Expression of the genetic messageDNA’s major function is to code编码 for proteins. Information is encoded in the order of the nitrogenous bases.Biological roles of RNA1. RNA is the genetic proaterial of some viruses2. RNA functions as the protein-synthesizing machinery3.RNA functions as an asaptor(tRNA) between the codons密码子 in the mRNA and amino acids氨基酸4. RNA serves as a regulatory molecule, which through equence complementarity binds to, and interferes with the translation of certain mRNAs.5. Some RNAs are enzymes that catalyze催化 essential reactions in the cellSummarize the relationship between genes and DNA.Lecture21.During prophase of mitosis有丝分裂, chromatin染色质 fibers become coiled into chromosomes with each chromosome having two chromatids染色单体 joined at a centromere着丝点.2.A centromere is a region of DNA typically found near the middle of a chromosome where two identical sister chromatids come in contact. It is involved in cell division as the point of mitotic spindle纺锤体.A telomere端粒 is a region of repetitive DNA（重复DNA） at the end of a chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration解体Difference about chromosome in Prokaryotic原核 and Eukaryotic真核?Prokaryotic:circular, very small, 1chromosome per cell, some enzymes and proteins are associated with the DNA,not housed in a nucleusEukaryotic:linear, fairly long, several chromosomes per cell,histone 组蛋白proteins spools缠绕 same in all eukaryotes, housed in a nucleus,2 loops of DNA wrapped around 8 histone proteins in n