生产运行管理06.pptVIP

* Supplement 6 Quality Management S6.1 Acceptance Sampling S6.2 Process Control Procedures Process capability S6.3 Taguchi Methods Basic Forms of Sampling Sampling to accept or reject the immediate lot of product at hand (Acceptance Sampling). Sampling to determine if the process is within acceptable limits (Statistical Process Control) Control Measures Attribute (Go no-go information) Defectives--refers to the acceptability of product across a range of characteristics. Defects--refers to the number of defects per unit--may be higher than the number of defectives. Variable (Continuous) Usually measured by the mean and the standard deviation. Acceptance Sampling Purposes Determine quality level Ensure quality is within predetermined level Advantages Economy Less handling damage Fewer inspectors Upgrading of the inspection job Applicability to destructive testing Entire lot rejection (motivation for improvement) Disadvantages Risks of accepting “bad” lots and rejecting “good” lots Added planning and documentation Sample provides less information than 100-percent inspection Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) Max. acceptable percentage of defectives defined by producer. ??(Producer’s risk) The probability of rejecting a good lot. Lot Tolerance Percent Defective (LTPD) Percentage of defectives that defines consumer rejection point. ? (Consumer’s risk) The probability of accepting a bad lot. Probability of acceptance n = 99 c = 4 AQL LTPD 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Percent defective ? =0.10 (consumer’s risk) ??= 0.05 (producer’s risk) Operating Characteristic Curve Process Capability Process limits Tolerance limits LTL - Lower tolerance level UTL - Upper tolerance level How do the limits relate to one another? x LTL UTL LTL UTL LTL UTL Capability Index Show how well the parts being produced fit into the range specified by the design limits. Motorola’s 6? Quality LTL UTL UTL UTL LTL LTL * * * * *