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Chs. 15 16: Correlation Regression -  PAGE 24 Chs. 15 16: Correlation Regression With the shift to correlational analyses, we change the very nature of the question we are asking of our data. Heretofore, we were asking if a difference was likely to exist between our groups as measured on one variable (the dependent variable) after manipulating another variable (the independent variable). In other words, we were testing statistical hypotheses like: H0: ?? = ?? H1: ?? ≠ ?? Now, we are going to test a different set of hypotheses. We are going to assess the extent to which a relationship is likely to exist between two different variables. In this case, we are testing the following statistical hypotheses: H0: ? = ? H1: ? ≠ ? That is, we are looking to see the extent to which no linear relationship exists between the two variables in the population (? = 0). When our data support the alternative hypothesis, we are going to assert that a linear relationship does exist between the two variables in the population. Consider the following data sets. You can actually compute the statistics if you are so inclined. However, simply by eyeballing the data, can you tell me whether a difference exists between the two groups? Whether a relationship exists? The next page shows scattergrams of the data, which make it easier to determine if a relationship is likely to exist. Set ASet BSet CSet DXYXYXYXY111711011107222321022103333831033108444241044102555551055105666961066109777171077101888681088106999491099104 See the next page for graphs of the data. Sets A and C illustrate a very strong positive linear relationship. Sets B and D illustrate a very weak linear relationship. Sets A and B illustrate no difference between the two variables (identical means). Sets C and D illustrate large differences between the two variables. With correlational designs, we’re not typically go