Can Existential Intelligence Be Asessed Multiple Intelligences 可以存在智力评估多元智能.docVIP

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Can Existential Intelligence Be Asessed Multiple Intelligences 可以存在智力评估多元智能.doc

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Can Existential Intelligence Be Asessed Multiple Intelligences 可以存在智力评估多元智能

Development and Validation of a Scale for Existential Thinking Branton Shearer sbranton@kent.edu Existential intelligence (EI) was proposed by Howard Gardner (1999) as a possible ninth intelligence in his book, Intelligence Reframed. After carefully distinguishing the existential ability for “…exploring the nature of existence in its multifarious guises” from spiritual awareness, which is defined as a “state of being” rather than a “computational” set of skills, Gardner concludes that scientific evidence does not support its inclusion as a one of the multiple intelligences (MI) because it fails to sufficiently meet several essential criteria. The two criteria that it fails to fully satisfy according to Gardner are cerebral specification and clearly defined cognitive components. To paraphrase Gardner, neuroscientific studies have yet to sufficiently describe precisely which cerebral structures are primarily responsible for processing the contents of existential thinking. Second, the core cognitive components for the existential thinking ability are conceptually unclear and vague. Gardner’s description of how EI meets several of the criteria required for inclusion as an intelligence makes it clear that EI is a valued element of the human thinking repertoire as employed in disciplines such as philosophy, religion, mythology, the arts and theoretical science. Gardner indicates that if the two deficient criteria are met then including EI in the multiple intelligences scheme would clearly be warranted given its long history as a valued human endeavor. The Challenge of Measuring Existential Thinking Skill and Ability The Multiple Intelligences Developmental Assessment Scales (MIDAS) have been validated over the past 17 years (Shearer, 1994) as a valid and reliable method for describing a person’s “intellectual disposition.” The MIDAS is a self or other report that provides both quantitative as well as qualitative information describing a person’s multiple intellige