Fractional Vaporizatio of Hot Earthlike Exoplanets类似地球的系外行星分数汽化热.pptVIP

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Fractional Vaporizatio of Hot Earthlike Exoplanets类似地球的系外行星分数汽化热.ppt

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Fractional Vaporizatio of Hot Earthlike Exoplanets类似地球的系外行星分数汽化热

Atmospheres of Hot Terrestrial Exoplanets Laura Schaefer and Bruce Fegley, Jr. Planetary Chemistry Laboratory Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University, St. Louis, MO What do we expect? Extreme heating over a planet’s lifetime may lead to loss of volatiles Venus is in a shorter orbit than the Earth and has lost its water content due to stellar heating and runaway greenhouse effect Mercury: lost all volatiles (if it formed with any) Jupiter’s moon Io is dominated by S, and may have lost lighter volatiles such as H, C, and N due to intense tidal heating Expect a range of planets with variable volatile content Silicate atmospheres (no volatiles!) Super-Venus (CO2 atmosphere, trace water) CoRoT-7b Tidally-locked transiting planet with a = 0.017 AU (0.85 days) Dayside temperature is hot enough to melt and vaporize rock Planet may have a partial magma ocean Silicate Atmosphere Calculations MAGMA code calculates composition of silicate atmosphere vaporization of systems containing Si, Mg, Fe, Ca, Al, Ti, Na, K, and O As a function of: temperature (1500 – 3000 K) mass-loss by isothermal fractional vaporization Results give composition and total pressure Fractional vaporization may simulate removal of material from dayside to nightside on CoRot-7b or Loss of material from the atmosphere We also calculate the composition of clouds, which may alter the atmospheric composition Model Planet Compositions Temperature-dependent results Graph shows initial results for the BSE (Fvap = 0) Column density (PiNA/μg) is calculated for a planet the size of CoRoT-7b (g ~16.7 m/s2) Na is the major gas at all temperatures O2, O, and SiO are also very abundant Fractional Vaporization Graph shows atmospheric composition as a function of fraction vaporized at constant temperature Na is lost from system first, then K and Fe SiO becomes major gas Mg becomes more abundant than SiO at higher fractions vaporized O and O2 maintain fairly constant abundance Elements are l