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Law of Torts Professional Neligence侵权行为法专业疏忽
Law of Torts: Professional Negligence
@ Nature of Tort (2)
@ Duty of Care in Negligence (3)
@ Professional Negligence (7)
@ Standard of Care (11)
@ Causation (14)
@ Remoteness (16)
@ Defamation (20)
@ Defence to Tort (22)
Tutorial (26)
@ Nature of Tort
A tort is a species种, 類, of civil injury or wrong. The distinction between civil and criminal wrongs depends on the nature of the appropriate remedies provided by law. A civil wrong is one which gives rise to civil proceedings which have as their purpose the enforcement of some right claimed by the plaintiff as against the defendant. Criminal proceedings, on the other hand, are those which have for their object the punishment of the defendant for some act of which he is accused. ( p8 Salmond )
The Law of torts is concerned with those situations where the conduct of one party causes or threatens harm to the interests of other parties. ( p3 Street on Torts )
The difference between a claim in tort and contract
The function and the anomalies, 异常的 of torts as a system of loss distribution in society are illustrated when we consider the overall provision made for the compensation of personal injuries that means whether the victim can successfully in establishes that his injuries are someone elses fault 缺陷, 故障.
As for contracts, the claim is on compensation補償, on breach of the contract between contracting parties, the remedies available are:
1. Damages害賠償
2. Rescission 撤銷
3. Specific Performance 強制履約
4. Injunction 強制令
5. Rectification改正
As for torts, the general remedies are:
1. Damages
2. Self-help, eg distress 危難 damage feasan件義務之履行
3. Injunction
4. Specific Restitution賠償, 歸還, of Property
*Note that in civil law system, like France, there is no difference between contract and torts, they place the concept of breach of obligation which cause resulting damages to others.
How to classify torts
We may classify torts in various heads, one kind of grouping by Harry Street:
1. Tort of Negligence
2. Tort of Strict Liability 嚴格法律
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