Random Dispersal in Theoretical Popultions在随机种群扩散理论.pptVIP

Random Dispersal in Theoretical Populations By: J.G. Skellam J.G. Skellam “Traditional biology course lay far too much emphasis on the direct acquisition of information. Insufficient attention is given to the interpretation of facts or to the drawing of conclusions from observations and experience. The student is given little opportunity to apply scientific principles to new situations.” Random? From the perspective of Skellam the best way to understand the random dispersal amongst populations was by first understanding the principle of random walks. So as a reminder of what a random walk is: A random process consisting of a sequence of discrete steps of fixed length. SOmE MoRe Randomness! Random walks have interesting mathematical properties that vary greatly depending on the dimension in which the walk occurs and whether it is confined to a lattice. Skellam’s Perspective With regards to random walks, Skellam proposed the following: Consider a plane using the Euclidean coordinate system. In the immediate neighborhood of the origin let there be a particle that tends to leave the origin to gradually form a circular representation of the previous graph. uuuggg Now, this might seem to resemble the concept of Brownian Motion of a particle in a viscous substance but here in lies the difference: “The distribution of the position of a particle of the nth generation with be henceforth” Even more uuuggg Skellam’s polar transformation of this particle positioning of n-generations turned out to be the following: Are we getting anywhere with this? Alas!! Integrating over θ gives us the radical probability density: a^2 = the mean-square dispersion per generation analogous with the mean-square velocity in Maxwell’s distribution. Soooooo? So from what we have gathered thus far is that an organism or particle with tend to move away from its origin in a semicircular pattern. From the previous equations we are then able to calculate its probable whereabouts with regards