Teaching Students to ead and Critically Analyze Primary 学生在阅读教学与批判性分析原发性.ppt

Critical Thinking:Higher Order Thinking That UnifiesCurriculum, Instruction, and Learning Let us Begin With the Question: What is Critical Thinking? thinking about thinking while thinking in order to make thinking better. thinking that assesses itself. The Three Dimensions of Critical Thinking Throughout the rest of the talk, this concept of critical thinking should be understood as what is meant by higher order thinking. Thesis Education, as a concept, defines a set of higher order goals, but actual school learning typically culminates in a set of lower order results. How can we narrow the gap between goals and results? How can we make high order goals a practical reality? so that in math classes students learn to think mathematically, so that in history classes students learn to think historically, so that in science classes students learn to think scientifically, and so that in general students begin to think critically in a disciplined, self-directed fashion A major obstacle we face is that most teachers make assumptions about instruction, knowledge, and learning that are incompatible with high order results. We need a new set of assumptions. We need long-term commitment to this process because of the deep-seated nature of the changes needed and the depth of resistance that can be expected. The fundamental problems in schooling today at all levels are fragmentation and lower order learning.  there is too little connection and depth. fragmented lists dominate curricula fragmented teaching dominates instruction fragmented recall dominates learning What is missing is coherence, connection, and depth of understanding.  The bottom line, as we all well know, is not what is taught but what is learned.  Students are learning something very different from what we think we are teaching them. This dichotomy leads Alan Schoenfeld, the distinguished math educator, to conclude that math instruction is on the whole “deceptive and f