Towards a Low Carbon Future Challenges for Uniersity of Bath向低碳未来的挑战巴斯大学.pptVIP

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Towards a Low Carbon Future Challenges for Uniersity of Bath向低碳未来的挑战巴斯大学.ppt

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Towards a Low Carbon Future Challenges for Uniersity of Bath向低碳未来的挑战巴斯大学

A Low Carbon Future - Challenges for the Energy System Nick Eyre Lower Carbon Futures Programme Environmental Change Institute University of Oxford Challenges for the Energy System Global challenges The role of carbon markets Decarbonising energy The role of energy demand Challenges for the Energy System Global challenges The role of carbon markets Decarbonising energy The role of energy demand 1. Climate change 2. Rising World Energy Demand 3. Energy Inequality 4. Carbon resources A Summary of the Global Challenges Radical reductions in carbon emissions from fossil fuels are required, but World energy use is rising There is a development imperative to increase energy use in many countries Energy use is dominated by fossil fuels Fossil fuels are not about to run out A low carbon future requires systemic change in the energy sector and this will have to be a purposeful choice Challenges for the Energy System Global challenges The role of carbon markets Decarbonising energy The role of energy demand 1. Carbon pricesRetail fuel costs 1. Carbon pricesRetail fuel costs and the EUETS price 2. EU ETS scope Only power generators and large energy users are covered by the cap – use of the atmosphere is free to other users. Small and medium energy users – light industry, commerce, public sector and transport - are not incentivised at all. Although electricity prices are affected, electricity users are not directly involved. 3. Pricing carbon is insufficient -There are other energy market failures Based on UK Energy Review, 2002 and Stern, 2006 Likely effects of existing carbon markets Will deliver incentives to [Reductions in deforestation] Transfer energy technology to developing countries Switch from coal to gas in power generation Adopt renewables that are ‘nearly cost effective’ Develop nuclear power (possibly) Will not (alone) deliver sufficient incentives for Carbon capture and storage Most renewable sources (e.g. offshore wind, marine, solar PV) Energy effici