The dBlock Elemnts General propertiesd区元素的一般性质.pptVIP

Lecture 17. The d-Block Elements.General properties PhD. Halina Falfushynska Why Study Descriptive Chemistry of Transition Metals Transition metals are found in nature Rocks and minerals contain transition metals The color of many gemstones is due to the presence of transition metal ions Rubies are red due to Cr Sapphires are blue due to presence of Fe and Ti Many biomolecules contain transition metals that are involved in the functions of these biomolecules Vitamin B12 contains Co Hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochrome C contain Fe Why Study Descriptive Chemistry of Transition Metals Transition metals and their compounds have many useful applications Fe is used to make steel and stainless steel Ti is used to make lightweight alloys Transition metal compounds are used as pigments TiO2 = white PbCrO4 = yellow Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 (prussian blue)= blue Transition metal compounds are used in many industrial processes Myoglobin, a protein that stores O2 in cells Coordination Environment of Fe2+ in Oxymyoglobin and Oxyhemoglobin Ferrichrome (Involved in Fe transport in bacteria) Periodic Table f block transition elements d block transition elements Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB IB IIB VIIIB d-Block Transition Elements Most have partially occupied d subshells in common oxidation states 1s 2s 3s 4s 2p 3p 3d Energy Sc 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s2 4p Electronic Configurations Sc [Ar]3d14s2 Ti [Ar]3d24s2 V [Ar]3d34s2 Cr [Ar]3d54s1 Mn [Ar]3d54s2 Element Configuration [Ar] = 1s22s22p63s23p6 Electronic Configurations Fe [Ar] 3d64s2 Co [Ar] 3d74s2 Ni [Ar] 3d84s2 Cu [Ar]3d104s1 Zn [Ar]3d104s2 Element Configuration [Ar] = 1s22s22p63s23p6 General Properties of the d-Block Elements and Their Trends Fourth-period d-block elements form ionic bonds with somewhat less ionic character than do the metals of the s-block