如何写一篇好论文 how to make a research paper.ppt

Part Eight The Research Paper What is a Research Paper? a library paper or a term paper or a thesis usually a formal, fairly long and well-documented composition that explores, discusses, or analyzes a certain factual or theoretical issue characterized by lucid and coherent exposition. Ⅰ. Process (1) choosing a topic; (2) collecting information; (3) analyzing the information, organizing ideas, and working out an outline; (4) writing the first draft; (5) revising the draft and finalizing it. 1. Choosing a Topic (1) Selecting a general topic It should be a topic that you are interested in and know something about. It should be one about which you already have some ideas, and these ideas are worth developing into a formal paper. (2) Reading and thinking read as many books as possible to see if you can find some information you need. Ask yourself whether the topic in your mind has already been explored and discussed quite thoroughly, and whether you can develop the topic further by offering something new, different, or original. If the answers are positive, you can proceed to the next step; otherwise, drop the topic. (3) Narrowing down the scope of your topic to a facet or facets which can be developed into a research paper. (4) Formulating the final topic a set of criteria for your final topic 1) meaningful and serious. 2) within the range of your abilities. 3) sufficient materials are available. 4) can be treated objectively. 5) not too topical to draw conclusions on. limit its scope and find an appropriate focus for your discussion. Do not be too eager to settle on any single topic immediately. 2. Collecting Information (1) Using the library The subject cards in many libraries of our country are divided into some twenty major categories such as Philosophy, Social Sciences and Politics, Economy, Art, Literature, Language, History, Geography, etc., and each category is represented by an alphabet letter. An up-to-date encyclopedia may also