曼昆微观Chap03.ppt

Interdependence and the Gains from Trade相互依赖和贸易的好处 Chapter 3 Interdependence and Trade相互依赖与贸易 Consider your typical day: You wake up to an alarm clock made in Korea韩国. You pour yourself some orange juice made from oranges grown in Florida佛罗里达. You put on some clothes made of cotton grown in Georgia and sewn in factories in Thailand泰国. You watch the morning news broadcast from New York on your TV made in Japan. You drive to class in a car made of parts manufactured in a half-dozen半打 different countries. …and you haven’t been up for more than two hours yet! Interdependence and Trade Remember, economics is the study of how societies produce and distribute goods in an attempt to satisfy the wants and needs of its members. 经济学研究什么？社会如何生产和分配产品以满足其成员的愿望和需要。 How do we satisfy our wants and needs in a global economy全球经济? We can be economically self-sufficient自给自足. We can specialize专业化 and trade 贸易with others, leading to economic interdependence.经济依赖 Interdependence and Trade A general observation Individuals and nations rely on specialized production and exchange as a way to address problems caused by scarcity. 个人和国家把专业化和交换来作为解决稀缺引起的问题的一种途径。 Interdependence and Trade But, this gives rise to two questions: Why is interdependence the norm? 为什么相互依赖是一条准则？ What determines production and trade? 什么因素决定生产和贸易？ Why is interdependence the norm? Interdependence occurs 发生because people are better off境况好 when they specialize and trade with others. 相互依存之所以存在，是因为：在人们进行专业化生产并与其他人贸易的时候，其福利状况会更好。为什么？ What determines the pattern of production and trade?什么决定生产和贸易的方式？ Patterns of production and trade are based upon differences in opportunity costs. 生产和贸易的方式依赖于机会成本的差异。 A Parable寓言 for the Modern Economy Imagine 想象一下 only two goods两种产品: potatoes土豆 and meat肉类 only two people两个人: a potato farmer农场主 and a cattle rancher牧场主 What should each produce?每个人生产什么 Why should they trade?为什么要贸易 The Production Opportunities of the Farmer and the Rancher生产机会 Self-Sufficiency自给自足 By ignoring each